Birmingham City University Game Design

Universities in the UK are rightly regarded as the best in the world. The oldest universities (such as Oxford and Cambridge) do not lose their relevance due to the introduction of advanced methods and technologies, and many young ones learn from those centuries of experience, adhering to the quality mark of British higher education. 18 UK universities are in the Top 100 educational institutions of the world^[0]. Such a reputation makes British graduates in high demand in the international labor market. To maintain high standards, UK universities are regularly evaluated by The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA).

United Kingdom - General information

Region	British Islands
Capital	London
Language	English, Welsh
Currency	Pound Sterling
Population	63,181,775
Students	2,600,000
Foreigner students	16.4%

Statistics - Rankings

Subject
Arts and Humanities	2
Engineering and Technology	2
Life Sciences and Medicine	2
Natural Science	2
Social Sciences and Management	2
Mathematics	6
Physics	2
Chemistry	4
Computer Science	3
Economics & Business	2

Statistics - Education

Indicator
Popularity rating in the world	2
Ranking of universities in the world	2
Academic Reputation	2
Employer Reputation	2
Quality of teaching	2
International Faculty	1
International Students	2
Citations per Faculty	2

Statistics - Universities

Universities in top 100	16
Universities in top 200	26
Universities in top 500	49
Universities in top 1000	76
Universities in top 5000	139

Object on map

Top universities in the UK

Information is exploratory. For accurate information, refer to the official website of the school.

		Title	City	Bachelor	Master
4	1	University of Cambridge	Cambridge	24,831 USD	24,831 USD
6	2	University of Oxford	Oxford	21,693 USD	21,693 USD
9	3	University College London	London	25,237 USD	24,948 USD
15	4	Imperial College London	London	33,465 USD	34,777 USD
26	5	The University of Edinburgh	Edinburgh	20,801 USD	16,076 USD
27	6	The University of Manchester	Manchester	26,247 USD	23,622 USD
28	7	King's College London	London	19,948 USD	21,628 USD
38	8	University of Bristol	Bristol	20,735 USD	20,735 USD
51	9	London School of Economics and Political Science — University of London	London	22,310 USD	30,184 USD
54	10	University of Warwick	Coventry	26,483 USD	29,318 USD
71	11	The University of Glasgow	Glasgow	18,635 USD	20,013 USD
76	12	The University of Nottingham	Nottingham	26,339 USD	17,717 USD
83	13	The University of Birmingham	Birmingham	19,095 USD	19,095 USD
88	14	University of Sheffield	Sheffield	23,130 USD	23,130 USD
89	15	University of Southampton	Southampton	21,069 USD	24,344 USD
92	16	University of Leeds	Leeds	20,341 USD	20,670 USD
117	17	University of Liverpool	Liverpool	15,567 USD	16,011 USD
120	18	Queen Mary University of London	London	16,733 USD	18,898 USD
122	19	Durham University	Durham	19,554 USD	24,803 USD
131	20	Cardiff University	Cardiff	22,966 USD	22,966 USD

Advantages of UK universities

Top-notch facilities. First of all, British universities impress with their outstanding architecture. However, despite the outward antiquity, many UK universities are equipped with vast modern libraries, research laboratories, and even their own museums. The University of Oxford, for example, founded the world's first university museum — Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archeology ^[1], and the University of Manchester has its own observatory with several radio telescopes.
Unique traditions. British universities honour long-standing traditions. So, at the beginning of each academic year, universities hold a Fresher's Week, during which a lot of activities and events are laid on the campus for the newcomers. Here one can encounter quite unique customs. For example, at the University of St Andrews, every freshman is assigned to academic "parents" — students in their third or fourth year of study. During the Raisin Weekend in November, a student visits a tea party thrown by the "mother", then a pub-crawl led by the "father". The fun ends with a shaving foam fight.
Recognition of UK education. QS rankings ^[2], The Times Higher Education (THE) ^[3] and Shanghai Rankings (ARWU) ^[4] annually include up to 18 UK universities into the 100 world's best universities. As a result, the United Kingdom is one of the most popular study destinations, second only to the United States^[5], and a British degree is perceived as a quality mark for employers all over the world.
Overall satisfaction. According to the National Student Survey (NSS) 2018, British students are more than satisfied with their course quality. The highest scoring universities are the University of St Andrews — 94%, University of Buckingham, Conservatoire for Dance and Drama, The London Institute of Banking & Finance — 91%. Moreover, the last universities on the list of those participating also prove good results: London School of Economics and Political Science, Ravensbourne, Royal Academy of Music — 71%, Glasgow School of Art — 67%^[6].

Disadvantages of UK universities

Compulsory preparation before university. To meet the admission requirements for undergraduate programmes, international students must undergo training within one of the preparatory courses: A-Level, International Baccalaureate or Foundation programme. It takes both time (an additional year of training before entering Bachelor's) and finance (preparatory programmes may be even more expensive than undergraduate or graduate ones).
Higher cost of study for non-EU students. In the UK, international students have to spend 2-4 times more on tuition than UK or EU citizens, who are required to pay up to 12,497 USD ^[7] and enabled to use postgraduate loans^[8]. Additional expenses do arise from the need to take one of the compulsory preparatory courses before entering a university: A-Level, IB or Foundation. These may be even more expensive than undergraduate or graduate ones
Narrow specialization. Unlike America, education in Britain is characterized by narrow specialization. Students are to choose 3-4 specific subjects already in high school with the aim of further admission to a university programme in the corresponding field. University courses are also based on one subject area, without dividing disciplines into majors and minors. Such a system places significant restrictions on students' mobility, making them set their career preferences in advance.

Admission requirements at UK universities

Type of study	Age	Duration	Min. cost per year	Avg. cost per year	Min. language level	Exam
Apprenticeship	16+	1-6 years	Free	Free	B1	IELTS 5.0
Foundation	16+	1 year	10,808 USD/year	18,914 USD/year	B1	IELTS 5.0
Undergraduate	17+	3 years	13,510 USD/year	32,424 USD/year	B2	IELTS 6.0
Medical school	17+	5-6 years	29,722 USD/year	41,881 USD/year	C1	IELTS 6.5
Master's	20+	1 year	13,510 USD/year	22,967 USD/year	C1	IELTS 6.5
Doctorate	21+	3 years	20,265 USD/year	27,020 USD/year	C1	IELTS 7.0

These are the approximate costs for overseas students. UK and EU citizens are subject to a lower 'home' rate which depends on the location of the university. The maximum fees for each part of the UK are the following:

Part of the UK	Max. undergraduate fee for EU citizens
England	12,497 USD
Wales	12,159 USD
Scotland	Free
Northern Ireland	5,620 USD

In Britain students apply for preparatory and undegraduate programmes through UCAS . Master's and PhD applicants submit documents through the universities' websites. A complete list of admission requirements is determined by each educational institution. Usually, universities independently assess student's qualifications based on the certified translations, but in some cases a special statement of comparability with British equivalents from NARIC should be obtained .

For international students studying a preparatory course is mandatory. The programmes available are Foundation, IB and A-Level. For a one-year Foundation, a certificate of complete secondary education corresponding to 11 or 12 years of study is required. Two-year programmes (IB and A-Level) can be entered after 9-10 years of school. The language criterion here is usually lower than for bachelor's, (IELTS 5.0-5.5).

Entry requirements at UK universities

For Bachelor's an applicant should have:

A certificate of secondary education;
A preparatory programme completed;
Minimum language proficiency (IELTS 6.0).

The requirements for Master's programmes are:

A bachelor's degree in the relevant field (GPA >60%);
Minimum language proficiency (IELTS 6.5 ).
A research proposal ;
A graduate entry test score GRE or GMAT;
A motivational letter;
A resume / CV;
References from teachers / employers;
An entrance test or an interview may be required.

For PhD programmes a student may need:

A master's degree (merit / distinction — GPA >60%) or its equivalent in the relevant field;
A bachelor's degree with honours in the relevant field;
Minimum language proficiency (IELTS 7.0 );
A research proposal;
A personal statement;
References from teachers / employers;
Attending an interview;
Research experience, academic achievements, number of publications and extracurricular activities may be relevant as well.

Types of educational institutions in the UK

The main types of educational institutions in the UK are:

School (state / public / independent) and Sixth Form College. Traditionally, British schools and Sixth Form colleges provide secondary education. However, they also offer a wide range of special programmes, including preparatory A level, International Baccalaureate and professional BTEC .
General Further Education (FE) College. FE colleges offer students National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) at levels 1-7 of the RQF, as well as HNC , HND , PGCE , Foundation degree, and Apprenticeships. These are designed for students wishing to gain practical skills and move on to employment, although they can also progress to undergraduate studies.
University. UK universities are large educational institutions awarding all types of degrees: bachelor's, master's and PhD. The University status is protected by UK law, although eligibility requirements vary between the constituent countries of the UK. Unlike vocational colleges, universities are more research-focused.
University College . This is a small educational institution, which is usually part of a larger university. The title is also protected by law, but not equivalent to the university one. University colleges hold taught degree awarding powers.

All universities, university colleges, colleges of the University of London and some FE colleges are included in the list of recognized bodies. Degree courses may also be provided at listed bodies, but the degrees are still validated by a recognized body.

British universities can be divided by age and location. The groups are characterized by ambiguous definitions. Nevertheless, in most general terms, one can distinguish:

Old universities are educational institutions which held University status prior to 1992.
New universities. Polytechnics, colleges and institutes of higher education endowed with University status by the government under the Further and Higher Education Act of 1992 or later: London Metropolitan University, University of Plymouth, Coventry University. This group does not include universities that have acquired this status since 1992 via royal charter, for example, Imperial College (1907), Cardiff University (1883).

Old universities include:

Ancient universities are the six oldest British universities, founded before 1800: English Oxford and Cambridge; Scottish University of St Andrews (1413), University of Glasgow (1451), University of Aberdeen (1495), University of Edinburgh (1583). Historically, the group also includes the University of Dublin, Ireland (1592).
Red brick universities . Initially, it was the name of university colleges, founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in provincial cities, which later became universities. Now the term red brick refers to any university that was granted University status between 1800 and 1992: University of Liverpool (1881), University of Birmingham (1825), University of Bristol (1876), University of Manchester (2004 ), etc.

Depending on structure, British universities can be unitary and collegiate. In the first case, a central university supervises all teaching and services provided by its educational units. The majority of UK universities adhere to this system. The first unitary university in England was the University of Birmingham. In collegiate universities, functions are distributed between a central university and a number of constituent colleges, for example, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, Lancaster University, Roehampton University, University of London.

Colleges in the UK

There are two types of colleges in the UK that are not tertiary education providers:

Sixth form colleges (SFC) provide advanced school-level qualifications for students aged 16 to 19 enabling them to progress to university or higher-level vocational education. The programmes taught at SFCs are A-levels, Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC), the International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB), or GCSE. examinations.
Further Education (FE) Colleges offer technical and professional education and training for students of any age. Unlike the Sixth Form, FE colleges offer qualifications up to level 7 RQF.

Colleges also provide Apprenticeships, which mean full-time training at the workplace with a rare attendance of classes. A student, called apprentice, earns a wage and gets holiday pay. Overseas students, however, are rarely enrolled in such programmes, as this requires getting a work visa.

There are 294 colleges in England. In total, they educate and train more than 2 million people^[9]. On average, every UK college has 672 non-UK students. Among them, the most popular level of study is Level 3 RQF^[10].

Public and private universities

All UK universities are formally independent bodies. Unlike in America and other European countries, there are no government-owned universities.

However, almost all UK universities are public, which means that they receive part of the funds (30-90%) from the government. At the same time, they are largely autonomous and independently decide on the additional ways of generating income. Public universities vary in size from a few hundred to over 30000 students. Some are integrated into a city's infrastructure, others have their own campuses.

There are only 5 private universities in the UK, which are not subsidized by the government: the charitable University of Buckingham and Regent's University London, and the profit-making University of Law, BPP University and Arden University. The majority tend to focus on subject areas such as Business, Management, and Law.

Private universities are believed to have more freedom and opportunities to support healthy competition and create programmes relevant to the needs of employers. Traditional public universities provide a general research-focused education with scientific research being a prerequisite for obtaining funding from the government, but having little relevance to the workplace^[11]. Another advantage of private universities is individual pastoral care цшершт smaller student groups.

Groups and associations of universities

In Britain, there are three formal representative bodies for higher education providers:

Universities UK. An association designed to promote interests of British universities, university colleges and higher education colleges. Currently, it brings together 136 educational institutions. Scottish members of Universities UK make up an additional group, [%20http://www.universities-scotland.ac.uk/ Universities Scotland].
GuildHE. A membership organization that includes private and public educational institutions of all types, including specialist colleges^[12]. GuildHE encourages diversity, inclusive education, innovative approaches to research, healthy competition, and also provides a variety of opportunities for students and graduate employers^[13].
Association of Colleges. A not-for-profit organization being the national voice for further education, sixth form, tertiary and specialist colleges in England. AoC supports students at all levels, influences the government's policy in the field of further education, and also represents UK colleges at the international level^[14].

There are also mission groupings with defined membership. The largest of them are:

Russell Group. A group of 24 leading research universities in the UK, which receive about 68% of research grant and contract income in the country. In total, more than 30% of non-UK students study here. Nearly ⅔ doctorates of the United Kingdom are awarded at Russel group universities^[15]. Sometimes it is considered an analogue of the American Ivy League^[16].
MillionPlus. A coalition of 20 universities founded or granted university status after 1992. The organization MillionPlus is involved in the political debate about the role of of the so-called new (modern) universities in the UK education system and their contribution to the economy and society.
University Alliance. An association of British universities which was formed in 2006 by the country's technical and professional universities. It was originally called the Alliance of Non-Aligned Universities. Its membership includes 13 institutions aiming at the development of technical and vocational education. University Alliance also offers funding for PhD students, including those from other countries^[17].
Independent Higher Education. A national representative body for private non-profit education providers in the UK (universities, colleges, institutes, art academies). The goal of Independent HE is to promote, support and expand the independent sector of tertiary education.

Free universities in the UK

There are no free universities in the UK. Moreover, international students (except for the EU citizens) have to pay several times more than the British. But there are many funding opportunities for both home (UK/EU) and overseas students provided by the UK government, individual universities, organizations, and foundations.

Every year, about 500000 foreign students enter English universities. Thus, each student is surrounded by representatives from more than 200 countries^[18].
In British colleges, the average age of students is 29 years old. At the same time, 92000 students are aged 60+^[19].
Students cannot apply to the University of Oxford and Cambridge in the same year^[20].
University of Birmingham is one of the most active participants of Erasmus project. Annually it welcomes over 700 students to its campus within more than 225 student exchange agreements with partner universities all over the world^[21].
Former CIA employee Edward Snowden was elected as the rector of the University of Glasgow with 51% of the total votes. He served a term of three years. It is reported that a famous American whistleblower agreed to stand as a candidate after being contacted by a group of students. As a matter of fact, Glasgow students have a history of electing rectors as political statements^[22].
Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design (CSM) is one of the oldest design universities in the world and the first of this kind in Britain. Among the alumni of the school are many notable fashion designers, including John Galliano, Stella McCartney, Alexander McQueen, and Riccardo Tisci^[23].